Installing AlmaLinux 9.4

I reformatted and reinstalled AlmaLinux, and have briefly documented the process here. ## Basic Formatting and Installation ### Upgrade the Base Packages ```shell dnf upgrade ``` ### Configure the Network Interface (Set ONBOOT) ```shell cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ vi ifcfg-enp70s0 DEVICE=enp70s0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes ``` ### Disable firewalld ```shell systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld ``` ### Add Port 22960 with semanage ```shell dnf install policycoreutils-python-utils semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp 22960 ``` ### Change the sshd Port ```shell cd /etc/ssh vim sshd_config Port 22960 PermitRootLogin yes systemctl restart sshd ``` ### Mount Disks ```shell lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS sda ext4 1.0 b1f8274b-8367-46a3-af7a-9cc6415cebf8 nvme0n1 ├─nvme0n1p1 vfat FAT32 E636-00F9 591.8M 1% /boot/efi ├─nvme0n1p2 xfs 6784e138-f5c2-43b1-ad84-a977dfa9d206 683.4M 29% /boot └─nvme0n1p3 LVM2_member LVM2 001 kj7k6S-ph7v-BwDG-q3ad-tTph-OvTE-CR3pbI ├─almalinux_ollama--api-root xfs f260f019-aff5-419c-a402-7815b60da6a6 68G 3% / ├─almalinux_ollama--api-swap swap 1 ba20f638-52df-466a-b02a-f1ead179b24d [SWAP] └─almalinux_ollama--api-home xfs 732350a1-a9fc-4f37-83e7-c8147ad755e1 849.5G 1% /home nvme1n1 xfs 62a1faab-d641-4bc3-bacf-627f1f291c71 fdisk -l /dev/sda fdisk -l /dev/nvme1n1 ``` #### Create Directories ```shell mkdir /db mkdir /data ``` #### Mount Disks to Directories ```shell mount /dev/nvme1n1 /db mount /dev/sda /data lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS sda ext4 1.0 b1f8274b-8367-46a3-af7a-9cc6415cebf8 8T 6% /data nvme0n1 ├─nvme0n1p1 vfat FAT32 E636-00F9 591.8M 1% /boot/efi ├─nvme0n1p2 xfs 6784e138-f5c2-43b1-ad84-a977dfa9d206 683.4M 29% /boot └─nvme0n1p3 LVM2_member LVM2 001 kj7k6S-ph7v-BwDG-q3ad-tTph-OvTE-CR3pbI ├─almalinux_ollama--api-root xfs f260f019-aff5-419c-a402-7815b60da6a6 68G 3% / ├─almalinux_ollama--api-swap swap 1 ba20f638-52df-466a-b02a-f1ead179b24d [SWAP] └─almalinux_ollama--api-home xfs 732350a1-a9fc-4f37-83e7-c8147ad755e1 849.5G 1% /home nvme1n1 xfs 62a1faab-d641-4bc3-bacf-627f1f291c71 868.6G 7% /db ``` #### Edit /etc/fstab (Automatic Mounting) ```shell # auto-mount > 추가 설정 UUID=62a1faab-d641-4bc3-bacf-627f1f291c71 /db xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=b1f8274b-8367-46a3-af7a-9cc6415cebf8 /data ext4 defaults 0 0 ``` #### After Rebooting, Verify That Automatic Mounting Was Applied Correctly Using the Commands Below ```shell reboot lsblk -f ``` ### Add Repositories ```shell dnf install dnf-plugins-core dnf install epel-release dnf config-manager --set-enabled crb ``` ### Install Base Packages ```shell dnf install vim htop net-tools iputils dnsutils curl wget rsync lsof ncdu which tcpdump unzip lsscsi bash-completion lm_sensors sensors-detect ``` ### Upgrade the Base Packages ```shell dnf upgrade ``` ### Check the Current Linux and Kernel Versions ```shell hostnamectl Static hostname: (unset) Transient hostname: server.local Icon name: computer-desktop Chassis: desktop 🖥️ Machine ID: 474b2ef929ea40a9b94cad40ae267e9f Boot ID: 9109fff82bde405b80c6977b8be00840 Operating System: AlmaLinux 9.4 (Seafoam Ocelot) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:almalinux:almalinux:9::baseos Kernel: Linux 5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 Hardware Vendor: ASUS Hardware Model: ROG ZENITH II EXTREME ALPHA Firmware Version: 2102 ``` ### Add to cron.d ```shell 0 0 * * * /bin/sync && echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ``` ## Install the NVIDIA Driver ### Installation The installation instructions are available at . ```shell dnf install tar bzip2 wget make automake gcc gcc-c++ pciutils elfutils-libelf-devel libglvnd-devel bind-utils kernel-headers kernel-devel freeglut-devel libX11-devel libXi-devel libXmu-devel mesa-libGLU-devel freeimage-devel libglfw3-devel lspci | grep VGA dnf config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel9/x86_64/cuda-rhel9.repo dnf module install nvidia-driver:open-dkms reboot nvidia-smi nvidia-smi nvlink --status ``` Enable NVIDIA Persistence Mode here. ```shell systemctl enable nvidia-persistenced systemctl start nvidia-persistenced ``` ## Install Docker ### Installation ```shell dnf erase podman buildah dnf update dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/rhel/docker-ce.repo dnf -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin systemctl --now enable docker docker compose version docker --version docker network create frontend docker network create backend ``` ### Install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit for Docker ```shell curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/rpm/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo | \ sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo dnf config-manager --set-enabled nvidia-container-toolkit-experimental dnf install -y nvidia-container-toolkit nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker systemctl restart docker ``` ## Performance Optimization ### TCP Tuning ```shell /etc/sysctl.conf net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic sysctl -p ``` ### Increase the File Descriptor Limit ```shell /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 65536 ``` With this installation, Linux has been successfully installed on the server computer.

Installing AlmaLinux 9.4

Basic Formatting and Installation#

Upgrade the Base Packages#

Configure the Network Interface (Set ONBOOT)#

More posts

Disable firewalld#

Add Port 22960 with semanage#

Change the sshd Port#

Mount Disks#

Create Directories#

Mount Disks to Directories#

Edit /etc/fstab (Automatic Mounting)#

After Rebooting, Verify That Automatic Mounting Was Applied Correctly Using the Commands Below#

Add Repositories#

Install Base Packages#

Upgrade the Base Packages#

Check the Current Linux and Kernel Versions#

Add to cron.d#

Install the NVIDIA Driver#

Installation#

Install Docker#

Installation#

Install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit for Docker#

Performance Optimization#

TCP Tuning#

Increase the File Descriptor Limit#